1. DEPRESSION TREATMENT
Depression is classified as a mood disorder. It may be described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person’s everyday activities.
People experience depression in different ways. It may interfere with your daily work, resulting in lost time and lower productivity. It can also influence relationships and some chronic health conditions.
SYMPTOMS
Major depression can cause a variety of symptoms. Some affect your mood, and others affect your body. Symptoms may also be ongoing, or come and go.
The symptoms of depression can be experienced differently among men, women, and children differently.
People may experience symptoms related to their:
- Mood, such as anger, aggressiveness, irritability, anxiousness, restlessness.
- Emotional well-being, such as feeling empty, sad, hopeless.
- Behavior, such as loss of interest, no longer finding pleasure in favorite activities, feeling tired easily, thoughts of suicide, drinking excessively, using drugs, engaging in high-risk activities.
- Sexual interest, such as Apart from all this, drugs are also prescribed to deal with addiction along with the weekly scheduled personal therapy sessions
- Cognitive Abilities, such as inability to concentrate, difficulty completing tasks, delayed responses during conversations.
- Sleep patterns, such as insomnia, restless sleep, excessive sleepiness, not sleeping through the night.
- Physical well-being, such as fatigue, pains, headache, digestive problems.
2. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Sexual dysfunction refers to a problem occurring during any phase of the sexual response cycle that prevents the individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction from the sexual activity. The sexual response cycle traditionally includes excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Desire and arousal are both part of the excitement phase of the sexual response.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION?
Sexual dysfunction generally is classified into four categories:
- Desire disorders – lack of sexual desire or interest in sex
- Arousal disorders – inability to become physically aroused or excited during sexual activity.
- Orgasm disorders – delay or absence of orgasm (climax).
- Pain disorders – pain during intercourse
HOW IS SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION DIAGNOSED?
In most cases, the individual recognizes that there is a problem interfering with his or her enjoyment (or the partner’s enjoyment) of a sexual relationship. The clinician likely will begin with a complete history of symptoms and a physical. He or she may order diagnostic tests to rule out any medical problems that may be contributing to the dysfunction, if needed. Typically, lab testing plays a very limited role in the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction.
An evaluation of the person’s attitudes about sex, as well as other possible contributing factors (fear, anxiety, past sexual trauma/abuse, relationship concerns, medications, alcohol or drug abuse, etc.) will help the clinician understand the underlying cause of the problem, and will help him or her make recommendations for appropriate treatment.
HOW IS SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION TREATED?
Most types of sexual dysfunction can be corrected by treating the underlying physical or psychological problems. Other treatment strategies include:
- Medication
- Mechanical aids
- Sex therapy
- Behavioral treatments
- Psychotherapy
- Education and communication
3. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions). The repetitive behaviors, such as hand washing, checking on things or cleaning, can significantly interfere with a person’s daily activities and social interactions.
Many people have focused thoughts or repeated behaviors. But these do not disrupt daily life and may add structure or make tasks easier. For people with OCD, thoughts are persistent and unwanted routines and behaviors are rigid and not doing them causes great distress. Many people with OCD know or suspect their obsessions are not true; others may think they could be true (known as poor insight). Even if they know their obsessions are not true, people with OCD have a hard time keeping their focus off the obsessions or stopping the compulsive actions.
A diagnosis of OCD requires the presence of obsession and/or compulsions that are time-consuming (more than one hour a day), cause major distress, and impair work, social or other important function. About 1.2 percent of Americans have OCD and among adults slightly more women than man are affected. OCD often begins in childhood, adolescence or early adulthood; the average age symptoms appear is 19 years old.
Obsessions and Compulsions
Obsessions
Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause distressing emotions such as anxiety or disgust. Many people with OCD recognize that the thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of their mind and are excessive or unreasonable. Yet these intrusive thoughts cannot be settled by logic or reasoning. Most people with OCD try to ignore or suppress such obsessions or offset them with some other thought or action. Typical obsessions include excessive concerns about contamination or harm, the need for symmetry or exactness, or forbidden sexual or religious thoughts.
Compulsions
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. The behaviors are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or a feared situation. In the most severe cases, a constant repetition of rituals may fill the day, making a normal routine impossible. Compounding the anguish these rituals cause is the knowledge that the compulsions are irrational. Although the compulsion may bring some relief to the worry, the obsession returns and the cycle repeats over and over.
Some examples of compulsions:
Cleaning to reduce the fear that germs, dirt, or chemicals will “contaminate” them some spend many hours washing themselves or cleaning their surroundings. Some people spend many hours washing themselves or cleaning their surroundings.
Repeating to dispel anxiety. Some people utter a name or phrase or repeat a behavior several times. They know these repetitions won’t actually guard against injury but fear harm will occur if the repetitions aren’t done.
Checking to reduce the fear of harming oneself or others by, for example, forgetting to lock the door or turn off the gas stove, some people develop checking rituals. Some people repeatedly retrace driving routes to be sure they haven’t hit anyone.
Ordering and arranging to reduce discomfort. Some people like to put objects, such as books in a certain order, or arrange household items “just so,” or in a symmetric fashion.
Mental compulsions to response to intrusive obsessive thoughts, some people silently pray or say phrases to reduce anxiety or prevent a dreaded future event.
Treatment
Related Conditions
Other conditions sharing some features of OCD occur more frequently in family members of OCD patients. These include, for example, body dysmorphic disorder (preoccupation with imagined ugliness), hypochondriasis (preoccupation with physical illness), trichotillomania (hair pulling), some eating disorders such as binge eating disorder, and neurologically based disorders such as Tourette’s syndrome.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hoarding Disorder
Hair-Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)
Skin-Picking Disorder (Excoriation)